|
|
Planck Time Doublings: Primarily in Seconds
|
Planck Length Doublings: Primarily in Meters
|
|
204
|
The Age of the Universe: 13.78 to 13.8 billion years
|
8.310x1026 m or Future Universe
|
|
203
|
It appears that we are in the earliest part of 201 doubling:
|
4.155x1026 m or Near Future Universe
|
|
202
|
6.9309178x1017 seconds (21.9777+ billion years)
|
2.077x1026 m or in the range of the Observable Universe
|
|
201
|
346,545,888,147,200,000 seconds (10.9888+ billion years)
|
1.03885326x1026 m approaching the Observable Universe
|
|
200
|
173,272,944,073,600,000 seconds (5.49444+ billion years) (1017)
|
5.19426632x1025 m
|
|
199
|
86,636,472,036,800,000 seconds (2.747+ billion years)
|
2.59713316x1025 m
|
|
198
|
43,318,236,018,400,000 seconds (1.3736+ billion years)
|
1.29856658x1025 m
|
|
197
|
21,659,118,009,200,000 seconds (686.806+ million years)
|
6.49283305x1024 m
|
|
196
|
10,829,559,004,600,000 seconds (342.4+ million years) (1016)
|
3.24641644x1024 m
|
|
195
|
5,414,779,502,320,000 seconds (171.2+ million years)
|
1.62320822x1024 m
|
|
194
|
2,707,389,751,160,000 seconds (85.6+ million years)
|
8.11604112x1023 m
|
|
193
|
1,353,694,875,580,000 seconds (42.8+ million years) (1015)
|
4.05802056x1023 m
|
|
192
|
676,847,437,792,000 seconds (21.4+ million years)
|
2.02901033x1023 m
|
|
191
|
338,423,718,896,000 seconds (10.724+ million years)
|
1.01450514x1023 m
|
|
190
|
169,211,859,448,000 seconds (5.3+ million years) (1014)
|
5.07252568x1022 m
|
|
189
|
84,605,929,724,000 seconds (2.6+ million years)
|
2.5362629 x1022 m
|
|
188
|
42,302,964,862,000 seconds (1.3+ million years)
|
1.26813145 x1022 m
|
|
187
|
21,151,482,431,000 seconds (640+ thousand years)
|
6.34065727x1021 m
|
|
186
|
10,575,741,215,500 seconds (320+ thousand years) (1013)
|
3.17032864x1021 m or 3 Zettameters or 310,000 ly
|
|
185
|
5,287,870,607,760 seconds (160+ thousand years)
|
1.58516432x1021 m or about 150,000 ly (1.5z)
|
|
184
|
2,643,935,303,880 seconds (83.7+ thousand years)
|
7.92582136x1020 m
|
|
183
|
1,321,967,651,940 seconds (41.8+ thousand years) (1012)
|
3.96291068x1020 m
|
|
182
|
660,983,825,972 seconds (20.9+ thousand years)
|
1.981455338x1020 m
|
|
181
|
330,491,912,986 seconds (or about 10,472.9 years)
|
9.90727664x1019 meters
|
|
180
|
165,245,956,493 seconds (1011)
|
4.95363832x1019 m
|
|
179
|
82,622,978,246.4 seconds
|
2.47681916x1019 m
|
|
178
|
41,311,489,123.2 seconds
|
1.23840958x1019 m
|
|
177
|
20,655,744,561.6 seconds
|
6.19204792x1018 m
|
|
176
|
10,327,872,280.8 seconds (1010)
|
3.09602396x1018 m
|
|
175
|
5,163,936,140.4 seconds
|
1.54801198x1018 m
|
|
174
|
2,581,968,070.2 seconds
|
7.74005992x1017 m
|
|
173
|
1,290,984,035.1 seconds (109)
|
3.87002996x1017 m
|
|
172
|
645,492,017.552 seconds
|
1.93501504 x1017 m
|
|
171
|
322,746,008.776 seconds
|
9.67507488x1016 m
|
|
170
|
161,373,004.388 seconds (108)
|
4.83753744x1016 m
|
|
169
|
80,686,502.194 seconds
|
2.41876872x1016 m
|
|
168
|
40,343,251.097 sec (466 days)(Note: 31,536,000 s/year)
|
1.20938436x1016 m
|
|
Comments: A light year is about 9.4605284×1015 meters (Google) or 9,460,730,472,580,800 metres "exactly" (Wikipedia). Use the Gregorian calendar (circa 1582) where a year is 365.2425 and the speed of light is given as 299,792,458 metres/second, the calculation is 365.2425 times 86400 seconds/day (or 31556952 seconds/year) times 299,792,458 meters/second or 9.4605362+×1015 meters. Discrepancies would become quite large at the size of the Observable Universe and the Age of the Known Universe.
Using Planck Units:
|
|
---
|
One Light Year
|
9.45994265715×1015m |
|
167
|
20,171,625.5485 seconds (233.468 days)
|
6.0469218x1015 m [one light year (ly) is 9.4x1015 m]
|
|
166
|
10,085,812.7742 seconds (116.73 days) (107)
|
3.0234609x1015 m
|
|
165
|
5,042,906.38712 seconds (58.36+)
|
1.5117305x1015 m
|
|
164
|
2,521,453.19356 s (29.1835 days)
|
7.55865224x1014 m
|
|
163
|
1,260,726.59678 s (14.59+ days) (106)
|
3.77932612x1014 m
|
|
162
|
630,363.29839 s (7.29+ days)
|
1.88966306x1014 m (about 7-day light travel)
|
|
161
|
315,181.649195 seconds (3.64794 days)
|
9.44831528x1013 m
|
|
160
|
157,590.824 s (1.82 days) (105)
|
4.72415764x1013 m
|
|
159
|
78,795.4122988 s (.911984 days)
|
2.36207882x1013 m (or close to 24-hour light travel)
|
|
158
|
39,397.7061494 seconds
|
1.18103945x1013 m
|
|
157
|
19,698.8530747 seconds (104)
|
5.90519726x1012 m
|
|
156
|
9849.42653735 seconds
|
2.95259863x1012 m ()
|
|
155
|
4924.71326867 seconds(3600 s in hour)
|
1.47629931x1012 m
|
|
154
|
2462.35663434 seconds
|
738,149,657 kilometers 1011
|
|
153
|
1231.17831717 seconds (103)
|
369,074,829 kilometers 1011
|
|
152
|
615.589158584 seconds (10.259+ minutes)
|
184,537,414 kilometers 1011
|
|
151
|
307.794579292 seconds
|
92,268,707.1 kilometers (range of earth-to-sun)1010m
|
|
150
|
153.897289646 seconds (102)
|
46,134,353.6 kilometers 1010
|
|
149
|
76.948644823 s (16+ sec over 1 min)
|
23,067,176.8 kilometers 1010
|
|
Comments: A light minute is, of course, sixty times 299,792.458 km/second. Again, using simple mathematics, the distance light travels in one minute is 17,987,547.48 which is about 1000 kilometers off of 17,986,420.0329 km/second using the simple mathematics of this chart. This difference will be further analyzed.
|
|
148
|
38.4743224115 s (21.53 sec to 1 min)
|
11,533,588.4 kilometers 1010
|
|
147
|
19.2371612058 seconds 101
|
5,766,794.2 kilometers 109
|
|
146
|
9.61858060288 seconds
|
2,883,397.1 kilometers 109
|
|
145
|
4.80929030144 seconds
|
1,441,698.55 kilometers 109 m
|
|
144
|
2.40464515072 seconds
|
720,849.264 kilometers 108
|
|
143
|
1.20232257536 s (1s ≠ perfect tp multiple)
One Second:
|
360,424.632 kilometers 108 meters
Speed of light equals 299,792,458 m/s
|
|
Comments: Science knows experimentally that light travels 299,792.458 km/second (a light second). Here it is confirmed using simple mathematics. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been confirmed in this manner. Also, a Planck Time multiple, either 1.202 seconds or .6011 seconds, could be used as a standard unit of time that is based on a theoretical constant. We will explore further the calculations for a day, week, month and year based on such a system. We'll also explore it in light of recent work to define the theoretical chronon.
|
| --- |
A Light Second |
299,792.458 km |
|
142
|
6.0116128768×10−1 seconds
|
180,212.316 kilometers (111,979+ miles) 108 m
|
|
141
|
3.0058064384×10−1 seconds
|
90,106.158 kilometers 107 m
|
|
140
|
1.5029032192×10−1 seconds
|
45,053.079 kilometers 107
|
|
139
|
7.514516096×10−2 seconds
|
22,526.5398 kilometers 107
|
|
138
|
3.757258048 × 10−2 seconds
|
11,263.2699 kilometers or about 7000 miles
|
|
137
|
1.878629024 × 10−2 seconds
|
5631.63496 kilometers 106
|
|
136
|
9.39314512 × 10−3 seconds
|
2815.81748 kilometers 106
|
|
|
The transition from the Human-Scale to the Large Scale Universe
|
|
135
|
4.69657256 × 10−3 seconds
|
1407.90874 kilometers (about 874 miles) 106 m
|
|
134
|
2.34828628 × 10−3 seconds
|
703.954368 kilometers 105
|
|
133
|
1.174143145978 × 10−3 seconds
|
351.977184 kilometers (218.7 miles) 105
|
|
132
|
5.8707157335 × 10−4 seconds
|
175.988592 kilometers (109.35 miles) 105
|
|
131
|
2.93535786675 × 10−4 seconds
|
87.994296 kilometers 104
|
|
130
|
1.46767893338 × 10−4 seconds
|
43.997148 kilometers 104
|
|
129
|
7.33839466688 × 10−5 seconds
|
21.998574 kilometers104
|
|
128
|
3.66919733344 × 10−5 seconds
|
10.999287 kilometers or within 6.83464 miles 104
|
|
127
|
1.83459866672× 10−5 seconds
|
5.49964348 kilometers 103
|
|
126
|
9.1729933336 × 10−6 seconds
|
2.74982174 kilometers 103
|
|
125
|
4.5864966668 × 10−6 seconds
|
1.37491087 kilometers 103
|
|
124
|
2.2932483334 × 10−6 seconds
|
687.455439 meters 102
|
|
123
|
1.1466241667 × 10−6 seconds
|
343.72772 meters or about 1128 feet 102
|
|
122
|
5.73312083348 × 10−7 seconds
|
171.86386 meters or about 563 feet 102
|
|
121
|
2.86656041674 × 10−7 seconds
|
85.9319296 meters 101
|
|
120
|
1.43328020837 × 10−7 s
|
42.9659648 meters 101
|
|
119
|
7.16640104186 × 10−8 sec
|
21.4829824 meters 101
|
|
118
|
3.58320052093 × 10−8 sec
|
10.7414912 meters or 35.24 feet or 1.074x101 m 100
|
|
117
|
1.79160026046 × 10−8 seconds
|
5.3707456 meters 100
|
|
116
|
8.95800130232 × 10−9 seconds
|
2.6853728 meters or 105.723 inches 100
|
|
115
|
4.47900065116 × 10−9 seconds
|
1.3426864 meters or 52.86 inches 100
|
|
114
|
2.23950032558 × 10−9 seconds
|
67.1343176 cm (19.68+ inches or 6.71x10-1
|
|
113
|
1.11975016279 × 10−9 seconds
|
33.5671588 centimeters or 3.356x10-1 m)
|
|
112
|
5.59875081396 × 10−10 seconds
|
16.7835794 centimeters or 1.6783x10-1
|
|
111
|
2.79937540698 × 10−10 seconds
|
8.39178968 cm (3.3+ inches or 8.39x10-2 m)
|
|
110
|
1.39968770349 × 10−10 seconds
|
4.19589484 centimeters 4.19589484x10-2 m
|
|
109
|
6.99843851744 × 10−11 seconds
|
2.09794742 centimeters or 2.0979x10-2 m
|
|
108
|
3.49921925872 × 10−11 seconds
|
1.04897 centimeters or 1.04897375x10-2 m
|
|
107
|
1.74960962936 × 10−11 seconds
|
5.24486856 mm (about 1/4 inch) or 5.24x10-3 m
|
|
106
|
8.7480481468 × 10−12 seconds
|
2.62243428 millimeters or 2.62243428x10-3 m
|
|
105
|
4.3740240734 × 10−12 seconds
|
1.31121714 millimeters 1.31121714x10-3 m
|
|
104
|
2.1870120367 ×10−12 seconds
|
.655608568 millimeters or 6.55608568x10-4 m
|
|
103
|
1.09350601835 ×10−12 seconds
|
.327804284 millimeter or 3.27804284 x10-4 m
|
|
102
|
5.46753009176 ×10−13 seconds
|
.163902142 millimeters or 1.63902142x10-4 m
|
|
101
|
2.73376504588 × 10−13 seconds
|
81.9510712 microns or 81.9510712 x10-5 m
|
|
100
|
1.36688252294 × 10−13 seconds
|
40.9755356 microns or 4.09755356 x10-5 m
|
|
99
|
6.83441261472 × 10−14 seconds
|
20.4877678 microns or 2.04877678x10-5 m
|
|
98
|
3.41720630736 × 10−14 seconds
|
10.2438839 microns or 1.02438839x10-5 m
|
|
97
|
1.70860315368 × 10−14 seconds
|
5.12194196 microns (.0002+ inches or 5.12x10-6 m)
|
|
96
|
8.5430157684 × 10−15 seconds |
2.56097098 microns or 2.56097098x10-6 m
|
|
95
|
4.2715078842 × 10−15 seconds
|
1.28048549 microns or 1.2804854x10-6 m
|
|
94
|
2.1357539421 × 10−15 seconds
|
640.242744 nanometers 6.40242744x10-7m
|
|
93
|
1.06787697105 × 10−15 seconds
|
320.121372 nanometers 3.20121372x10-7 m
|
|
92
|
5.33938485524 × 10−16 seconds
|
160.060686 nanometers or 1.60x10-7 m
|
|
91
|
2.66969242762 × 10−16 seconds
|
80.0303432 nanometers or 8.00x10-8 m
|
|
90
|
1.33484621381 × 10−16 seconds
|
40.0151716 nanometers or 4.00x10-8 m
|
|
89
|
6.67423106904 × 10−17 seconds
|
20.0075858 nanometers or 2.00x10-8 m
|
|
88
|
3.33711553452 × 10−17 seconds
|
1.00037929x10-8 meters or 10 nanometers
|
|
87
|
1.66855776 × 10−17 seconds (smallest measurement - 2010)
|
5.00189644x10-9 meters
|
|
86
|
8.34278883632 × 10−18 seconds
|
2.50094822 nanometers or 2.50094822x10-9 m
|
|
85
|
4.17139441816 × 10−18 seconds
|
1.25474112 nanometers or 1.25x10-9 m
|
|
84
|
2.08569720908 × 10−18 seconds
|
.625237056 nanometers or 6.25237056x10-10 m
|
|
83
|
1.04284860454 × 10−18 seconds
|
.312618528 nanometers or 3.12x10-10 m
|
|
82
|
5.21424302272 × 10−19 seconds
|
.156309264 nanometers or 1.563x10-10 m
|
|
81
|
2.60712151136 × 10−19 seconds
|
7.81546348x10-11 m
|
|
80
|
1.30356075568 × 10−19 seconds
|
3.90773174x10-11 m
|
|
79
|
6.5178037784 × 10−20 seconds
|
1.95386587x10-11 m
|
|
78
|
3.2589018892 × 10−20 seconds
|
9.76932936x10-12 m
|
|
77
|
1.6294509446 × 10−20 seconds
|
4.88466468x10-12 m
|
|
76
|
8.147254723 × 10−21 seconds
|
2.44233234x10-12 m
|
|
75
|
4.0736273615 × 10−21 seconds
|
1.22116617x10-12 m
|
|
74
|
2.03681368075 × 10−21 seconds
|
6.10583084x10-13 m
|
|
73
|
1.01840684038 × 10−21 seconds
|
3.05291542x10-13 m
|
|
72
|
5.09203420188 × 10−22 seconds
|
1.52645771x10-13 m
|
|
71
|
2.54601710094 × 10−22 seconds
|
7.63228856x10-14 m
|
|
|
|
|
|
70
|
1.27300855047 × 10−22 seconds
|
3.81614428x10-14 m
|
|
69
|
6.36504275236 × 10−23 seconds
|
1.90807214x10-14 m
|
|
68
|
3.18252137618 × 10−23 seconds
|
9.54036072x10-15 m
|
|
|
Transition from the Small-Scale Universe to the Human-Scale Universe
|
|
67
|
1.59126068809 × 10−23 seconds
|
4.77018036x10-15 m
|
|
66
|
7.95630344044 × 10−24 seconds
|
2.38509018x10-15 m
|
|
65
|
3.97815172022 × 10−24 seconds
|
1.19254509x10-15 m
|
|
64
|
1.98907586011 × 10−24 seconds
|
5.96272544x10-16 m
|
|
63
|
9.94537930056 × 10−25 seconds
|
2.98136272x10-16 m
|
|
62
|
4.97268965028 × 10−25 seconds
|
1.49068136x10-16 m
|
|
61
|
2.48634482514 × 10−25 seconds
|
7.45340678x10-17 m
|
|
60
|
1.24317241257 × 10−25 seconds
|
3.72670339x10-17 m
|
|
59
|
6.21586206284 × 10−26 seconds
|
1.86335169x10-17 m
|
|
58
|
3.10793103142 × 10−26 seconds
|
9.31675848x10-18 m
|
|
57
|
1.55396551571 × 10−26 seconds
|
4.65837924x10-18 m
|
|
56
|
7.76982757856 × 10−27 seconds
|
2.32918962x10-18 m
|
|
55
|
3.88491378928 × 10−27 seconds
|
1.16459481x10-18 m
|
|
54
|
1.94245689464 × 10−27 seconds
|
5.82297404x10-19 m
|
|
53
|
9.7122844732 × 10−28 seconds
|
2.91148702x10-19 m
|
|
52
|
4.8561422366 × 10−28 seconds
|
1.45574351x10-19 m
|
|
51
|
2.4280711183 × 10−28 seconds
|
7.27871756x10-20 m
|
|
50
|
1.21403555915 × 10−28 seconds
|
3.63935878x10-20 m
|
|
49
|
6.07017779576 × 10−29 seconds
|
1.81967939x10-20 m
|
|
48
|
3.03508889788 × 10−29 seconds
|
9.09839696x10-21 m
|
|
47
|
1.51754444894 × 10−29 seconds
|
4.54919848x10-21 m
|
|
46
|
7.58772224468 × 10−30 seconds
|
2.27459924x10-21 m
|
|
45
|
3.79386112234 × 10−30 seconds
|
1.13729962x10-21 m
|
|
44
|
1.89693056117 × 10−30 seconds
|
5.68649812x10-22 m
|
|
43
|
9.48465280584 × 10−31 seconds
|
2.84324906x10-22 m
|
|
42
|
4.74232640292 × 10−31 seconds
|
1.42162453x10-22 m
|
|
41
|
2.37116320146 × 10−31 seconds
|
7.10812264x10-23 m
|
|
40
|
1.18558160073 × 10−31 seconds
|
3.55406132x10-23 m
|
|
39
|
5.92790800364 × 10−32 seconds
|
8.88515328x10-24m |
|
38
|
2.96395400182 × 10−32 seconds
|
4.44257664x10-24 m
|
|
37
|
1.48197700091 × 10−32 seconds
|
2.22128832x10-24m
|
|
36
|
7.40988500456 × 10−33 seconds
|
1.11064416x10-24m
|
|
35
|
3.70494250228 × 10−33 seconds
|
5.5532208x10-25m
|
|
34
|
1.85247125114 × 10−33 seconds
|
2.7766104x10-25m
|
|
33
|
9.26235625568 × 10−34 seconds
|
1.3883052x10-25m
|
|
32
|
4.63117812784× 10−34 seconds
|
6.94152599x10-26m
|
|
31
|
1.15779453196× 10−34 seconds
|
3.47076299x10-26m
|
|
30
|
5.78897265978 × 10−35 seconds
|
1.735381494x10-26 m
|
|
29
|
2.89448632989 × 10−35 seconds
|
8.67690749x10-27 m
|
|
28
|
1.44724316494 × 10−35 seconds
|
4.3384537x10-27 m
|
|
27
|
7.23621582472 × 10-36 seconds
|
2.16922687x10-27 m
|
|
26
|
3.61810791236 × 10−36 seconds
|
1.0846134x10-27 m
|
|
25
|
1.80905395618 × 10−36 seconds
|
5.42306718x10-28 m
|
|
24
|
9.045269781089 × 10−37 seconds
|
2.711533591x10-28 m
|
|
23
|
4.522263489044 × 10−37 seconds
|
1.35576679x10-28 m
|
|
22
|
2.26131744522 × 10−37 seconds
|
6.77883397x10-29 m
|
|
21
|
1.13065872261 × 10−37 seconds
|
3.38941698x10-29 meters
|
|
20
|
5.65329361306 × 10−38 seconds
|
1.69470849x10-29 meters
|
|
19
|
2.82646806528 ×10−38 seconds
|
8.47354247x10-30 meters
|
|
18
|
1.41323403264 ×10−38 seconds
|
4.2367712x10-30 m
|
|
17
|
7.0661701632 × 10−39 seconds
|
2.11838561x10-30 m
|
|
16
|
3.530850816 × 10−39 seconds
|
1.05919280x10-30 m
|
|
15
|
1.7665425408 × 10−39 seconds
|
5.29596404x10-31 m
|
|
14
|
8.832712704 × 10−40seconds
|
2.64798202x10-31 m
|
|
13
|
4.416356352 × 10−40 seconds
|
1.32399101x10-31 m
|
|
12
|
2.208178176 × 10−40 seconds
|
6.6199550x10-32 m
m
|
|
11
|
1.104089088 × 10−40 seconds
|
3.30997752x10-32 m
|
|
10
|
5.52044544 × 10−41 seconds
|
1.65498876x10-32 m
|
|
9
|
2.76022272 × 10−41 seconds
|
8.27494384x10-33 m
|
|
8
|
1.38011136 × 10−41 seconds
|
4.1374719232x10-33 m
|
|
7
|
6.9005568 × 10−42 seconds
|
2.0687359616x10-33 m
|
|
6
|
3.4502784 × 10−42 seconds
|
1.03436798x10-33 m
|
|
5
|
1.7251392 × 10−42 seconds
|
5.17183990x10-34 m
|
|
4
|
8.625696 × 10−43 seconds
|
2.58591995x10-34 m
|
|
3
|
4.312848 × 10−43 seconds
|
1.29295997x10-34 m
|
|
2
|
2.156424 × 10−43 s The second doubling
|
6.46479988×10-35 meters
|
|
1
|
1.078212 × 10−43 s The first doubling
|
3.23239994×10-35 m The first doubling, step, or layer.
|
